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Leviticus 5
1 And if a soul sin, and hear the voice of swearing (i.e. an oath), and is a witness, whether he hath seen or known of it; if he do not utter it, then he shall bear his iniquity (= perversity).
In other words, if a person is a witness to a certain crime, and they're in court, and they refuse to give out the evidence on whatever it may be, they're just as guilty as if they committed the crime themselves, and they will bear in their iniquity.
2 Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things (e.g. bugs, rodents), and if it be hidden from him (i.e. not to his remembrance); he also shall be unclean, and guilty.
In other words, a person was guilty of being unclean regardless if they remembered what unclean thing they touched, as they didn't bother to cleanse themselves afterwards.
3 Or if he touch the uncleanness of man (i.e. human discharge), whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal (i.e. with), and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.
4 Or if a soul swear (i.e. makes an oath), pronouncing (i.e. acknowledging) with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.
If someone makes an oath regardless of what it is, and they forget about it until later, they're guilty of that oath by not coming through with it, which is a trespass (i.e. an omission sin). That is why it's best not to swear at all; see Matthew 5:34-37.
5 And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:
6 And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.
7 And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.
The reason for two was because in order to make a burnt offering, the people at this time first had to take care of their sin offering.
8 And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder (i.e. the priest was not to completely take off the head from the body of the bird):
9 And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.
Again, the remaining blood was to be poured at the bottom of the altar (i.e. the ground), which could symbolize the sin in which the blood was paid for, going down and out; away from the Kingdom of GOD.
10 And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.
11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah (i.e. about 3/4 of a gallon) of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.
As always with whichever offering was being made at that time, a person was to bring their best, and if a person couldn't afford a lamb or two turtledoves/pigeons, then they were allowed to bring a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour, which was the best type of flour, as it has no clumps in it. Keep in mind that flour is to wheat what blood is to the body. The reason for "no oil nor frankincense" was because this offering wasn't to be burned for incense as the meal/meat offering was.
12 Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin offering.
13 And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these (i.e. any sin in which we read of in verses 1-4), and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant (i.e. remaining portion) shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.
In other words, the priest received the remaining portion just as he did in the meat offering.
14 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
This formula denotes another communication made at a different time, and gives a further development of the laws of the trespass offering. Note that in this book of Leviticus, YHVH (GOD) "spake" at thirty-five separate times, and in ten different manners.
15 If a soul commit a trespass (= treachery/unfaithfulness [maʻal in Hebrew], not the same word used for "trespass" in previous verses), and sin through ignorance (i.e. unintentionally), in the holy things of the LORD (i.e. in reference to idolatry and shorting GOD of things in tithes/offerings); then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy (i.e. Moses', which was later passed on to the priests [Leviticus 27:8,12, Numbers 18:16]) estimation (i.e. valuation) by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary (i.e. about 1/2 an ounce), for a trespass offering.
The "ram" always being symbolic of strength, and foreshadowing the antitype (CHRIST) in which it represents. And indeed the one shortcoming GOD was in need of strength. Today people commit this sin by intermixing the traditions of men and paganistic traditions (e.g. holidays), with Christianity, and it just doesn't work because GOD wants no part of man's traditions, which is why HE would say in Deuteronomy 12:32 "What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it".
16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth (i.e. one-fifth [20%]) part (i.e. fine) thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
This twenty percent fine was on top of whatever charge Moses [and later the priests] instructed for the value of the Ram.
17 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist (i.e. knew) it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.
18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist (i.e. knew) it not, and it shall be forgiven him.
19 It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the LORD.
In other words, if a person is a witness to a certain crime, and they're in court, and they refuse to give out the evidence on whatever it may be, they're just as guilty as if they committed the crime themselves, and they will bear in their iniquity.
2 Or if a soul touch any unclean thing, whether it be a carcase of an unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean cattle, or the carcase of unclean creeping things (e.g. bugs, rodents), and if it be hidden from him (i.e. not to his remembrance); he also shall be unclean, and guilty.
In other words, a person was guilty of being unclean regardless if they remembered what unclean thing they touched, as they didn't bother to cleanse themselves afterwards.
3 Or if he touch the uncleanness of man (i.e. human discharge), whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal (i.e. with), and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty.
4 Or if a soul swear (i.e. makes an oath), pronouncing (i.e. acknowledging) with his lips to do evil, or to do good, whatsoever it be that a man shall pronounce with an oath, and it be hid from him; when he knoweth of it, then he shall be guilty in one of these.
If someone makes an oath regardless of what it is, and they forget about it until later, they're guilty of that oath by not coming through with it, which is a trespass (i.e. an omission sin). That is why it's best not to swear at all; see Matthew 5:34-37.
5 And it shall be, when he shall be guilty in one of these things, that he shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing:
6 And he shall bring his trespass offering unto the LORD for his sin which he hath sinned, a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of the goats, for a sin offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his sin.
7 And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass, which he hath committed, two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, unto the LORD; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering.
The reason for two was because in order to make a burnt offering, the people at this time first had to take care of their sin offering.
8 And he shall bring them unto the priest, who shall offer that which is for the sin offering first, and wring off his head from his neck, but shall not divide it asunder (i.e. the priest was not to completely take off the head from the body of the bird):
9 And he shall sprinkle of the blood of the sin offering upon the side of the altar; and the rest of the blood shall be wrung out at the bottom of the altar: it is a sin offering.
Again, the remaining blood was to be poured at the bottom of the altar (i.e. the ground), which could symbolize the sin in which the blood was paid for, going down and out; away from the Kingdom of GOD.
10 And he shall offer the second for a burnt offering, according to the manner: and the priest shall make an atonement for him for his sin which he hath sinned, and it shall be forgiven him.
11 But if he be not able to bring two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he that sinned shall bring for his offering the tenth part of an ephah (i.e. about 3/4 of a gallon) of fine flour for a sin offering; he shall put no oil upon it, neither shall he put any frankincense thereon: for it is a sin offering.
As always with whichever offering was being made at that time, a person was to bring their best, and if a person couldn't afford a lamb or two turtledoves/pigeons, then they were allowed to bring a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour, which was the best type of flour, as it has no clumps in it. Keep in mind that flour is to wheat what blood is to the body. The reason for "no oil nor frankincense" was because this offering wasn't to be burned for incense as the meal/meat offering was.
12 Then shall he bring it to the priest, and the priest shall take his handful of it, even a memorial thereof, and burn it on the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: it is a sin offering.
13 And the priest shall make an atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in one of these (i.e. any sin in which we read of in verses 1-4), and it shall be forgiven him: and the remnant (i.e. remaining portion) shall be the priest's, as a meat offering.
In other words, the priest received the remaining portion just as he did in the meat offering.
14 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
This formula denotes another communication made at a different time, and gives a further development of the laws of the trespass offering. Note that in this book of Leviticus, YHVH (GOD) "spake" at thirty-five separate times, and in ten different manners.
- To Moses alone (5:14, 6:1, 6:19, 8:1, 14:1, 22:26, 23:26).
- To Moses, to speak to Aaron alone (16:1).
- To Moses, to speak to "Aaron and his sons" (6:8, 6:24, 22:1).
- To Moses, to speak to "the priests, the sons of Aaron" (21:1).
- To Moses, to speak to "Aaron and his sons, and to all the children of Israel" (17:1, 21:16 [compare 21:24], 22:17).
- To Moses, to speak to "the children of Israel" (1:1, 4:1, 7:22, 7:28, 12:1, 18:1, 20:1, 23:1, 23:9, 23:23, 24:1, 24:13, 25:1, 27:1).
- To Moses, to speak "to all the congregation of the children of Israel" (19:1).
- To Moses and Aaron conjointly (13:1, 14:33).
- To Moses and Aaron, to speak to "the children of Israel" (11:1, 15:1).
- To Aaron alone (10:8).
15 If a soul commit a trespass (= treachery/unfaithfulness [maʻal in Hebrew], not the same word used for "trespass" in previous verses), and sin through ignorance (i.e. unintentionally), in the holy things of the LORD (i.e. in reference to idolatry and shorting GOD of things in tithes/offerings); then he shall bring for his trespass unto the LORD a ram without blemish out of the flocks, with thy (i.e. Moses', which was later passed on to the priests [Leviticus 27:8,12, Numbers 18:16]) estimation (i.e. valuation) by shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary (i.e. about 1/2 an ounce), for a trespass offering.
The "ram" always being symbolic of strength, and foreshadowing the antitype (CHRIST) in which it represents. And indeed the one shortcoming GOD was in need of strength. Today people commit this sin by intermixing the traditions of men and paganistic traditions (e.g. holidays), with Christianity, and it just doesn't work because GOD wants no part of man's traditions, which is why HE would say in Deuteronomy 12:32 "What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it".
16 And he shall make amends for the harm that he hath done in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth (i.e. one-fifth [20%]) part (i.e. fine) thereto, and give it unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering, and it shall be forgiven him.
This twenty percent fine was on top of whatever charge Moses [and later the priests] instructed for the value of the Ram.
17 And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the LORD; though he wist (i.e. knew) it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.
18 And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, with thy estimation, for a trespass offering, unto the priest: and the priest shall make an atonement for him concerning his ignorance wherein he erred and wist (i.e. knew) it not, and it shall be forgiven him.
19 It is a trespass offering: he hath certainly trespassed against the LORD.